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Jacobi Theta Function θ4

Synopsis
#include <boost/math/special_functions/jacobi_theta.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace math {
    template <class T, class U>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4(T x, U q);

    template <class T, class U, class Policy>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4(T x, U q, const Policy&);

    template <class T, class U>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4tau(T x, U tau);

    template <class T, class U, class Policy>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4tau(T x, U tau, const Policy&);

    template <class T, class U>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4m1(T x, U q);

    template <class T, class U, class Policy>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4m1(T x, U q, const Policy&);

    template <class T, class U>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4m1tau(T x, U tau);

    template <class T, class U, class Policy>
    calculated-result-type jacobi_theta4m1tau(T x, U tau, const Policy&);
}} // namespaces
Description

The functions calculate the value of fourth Jacobi Theta function, parameterized either in terms of the nome q:

Or in terms of an imaginary τ:

The nome q is restricted to the domain (0, 1), returning the result of domain_error otherwise. The following graph shows the theta function at various values of q:

The final Policy argument is optional and can be used to control the behaviour of the function: how it handles errors, what level of precision to use etc. Refer to the policy documentation for more details.

A second quartet of functions (functions containing m1) compute one less than the value of the fourth theta function. These versions of the functions provide increased accuracy when the result is close to unity.

Accuracy

The following ULPs plot is representative, fixing q=0.5 and varying x from 0 to 2π:

The envelope represents the function's condition number. Note that relative accuracy degenerates periodically near θ4=1.

Fixing x=5 and varying q, the ULPs plot looks like:

Accuracy tends to degenerate near q=1 (small τ).

Implementation

The q parameterization is implemented using the τ parameterization, where τ=-log(q)/π.

If τ is greater than or equal to 1, the summation above is used as-is. However if τ < 1, the following identity DLMF 20.7.33 is used, defining τ'=-1/τ:

This transformation of variables ensures that the function will always converge in a small number of iterations.


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